15_Solana_Token Extension

2024-07-23

技术

字数统计: 1.5k | 阅读时长≈ 7 分钟

https://www.soldev.app/course/intro-to-token-extensions-program

Token Extension Program 是 Token Program 的超集
Token Program 和 Token Extension Program 是2个程序
- 两个程序的地址，不可以互换(not interchangeable)
Token Extension 16种功能：

https://spl.solana.com/token-2022/extensions
- Account:
  - Memo: 转账时需要增加备注
  - Immutable ownership: ATA权限不可以转移
    - Token 2022的ATA权限默认是不可转移的
  - Default account state: 设置默认的账户状态，如：默认冻结
    - https://www.soldev.app/course/default-account-state
    - 一般用在游戏内，禁止用于转移，必须需要管理员解冻,才能转移
  - CPI guard: 对CPI做一些限制操作
- Mint
  - Transfer fees: 项目方可以加入抽水功能
  - Closing mint: 关闭mint ，方便跑路
    - 需要supply为0, 即，需要销毁所有token之后才能关闭mint
  - Interest-bearing tokens: 生息，非常适合staking项目
  - Non-transferable tokens: 不可转移，适合做灵魂绑定(Soul-Bound)
    - https://www.soldev.app/course/non-transferable-token
  - Permanent delegate: 永久代理，项目方可以控制一切账户，非常适合做中心化集权场景
  - Transfer hook: token转账的钩子，可以增加自定义相关回调
  - Metadata pointer: 为token增加metadata
    - 一般与Metadata Extension一起用, 也可以与外部账户(Metaplex)联合使用
  - Metadata：为token增加metadata ，一般和 metadta pointer一起用
    - https://www.soldev.app/course/token-extensions-metadata
    - 解决了需要以来外部账户(如Metaplex)的缺点，简化了开发
  - Group pointer：群组，适合做合集，如NFT合集
  - Group: 同上
  - Member pointer ：成员
  - Member：同上
  - Confidential transfers：私密交易

使用命令行`spl-token`使用 Token 2022

spl-token –create-token –help

创建 close authority token

获取solana配置信息，设置 devnet

$ solana config get
Config File: /home/yqq/.config/solana/cli/config.yml
RPC URL: https://api.devnet.solana.com
WebSocket URL: wss://api.devnet.solana.com/ (computed)
Keypair Path: /home/yqq/.config/solana/id.json
Commitment: confirmed

创建 close authority token

注意: spl-token 默认使用的 Token Program的program id, 如需使用Token 2022,则需要制定program id

TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb 是 Token 2022的program id

TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA 是 Token Program的program id

1	spl-token create-token --program-id TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb --enable-close

创建ATA账户

1 2	spl-token create-account --program-id TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb

mint token, 注意必须指定program id, 因为 spl-token 默认使用旧版Token Program作为program id

spl-token mint --program-id TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb CisqmfLH8R2JnSYSA8tgW8LSG5hQPogYZKxxHv6H5aMq 1000000000  4tQwDVgmNYPxrdhmqVAza9qefkmPPhBrF1h75oMrfd2Q

Minting 1000000000 tokens
  Token: CisqmfLH8R2JnSYSA8tgW8LSG5hQPogYZKxxHv6H5aMq
  Recipient: 4tQwDVgmNYPxrdhmqVAza9qefkmPPhBrF1h75oMrfd2Q

Signature: YdAcA3VJ9ehFRKzZCbkwMvEMxVAMPVB7X7Cuu4pS7pXcUKjGWSB7siCywFG1wJGXqQVXK3HuTSje2dytrmHKFJg

直接关闭会报错，因为此时 supply不是0, 必须先销毁，然后才能close

1
2

$ spl-token close-mint CisqmfLH8R2JnSYSA8tgW8LSG5hQPogYZKxxHv6H5aMq
Error: "Mint CisqmfLH8R2JnSYSA8tgW8LSG5hQPogYZKxxHv6H5aMq still has 1000000000000000000 outstanding tokens; these must be burned before closing the mint."

销毁token

spl-token burn --program-id TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb 4tQwDVgmNYPxrdhmqVAza9qefkmPPhBrF1h75oMrfd2Q 1000000000

Burn 1000000000 tokens
  Source: 4tQwDVgmNYPxrdhmqVAza9qefkmPPhBrF1h75oMrfd2Q

Signature: K3v2mkrrdyqym9RHFWT2yo2RQ89zcZQaR6V6RW37ie44ob2Du4arTTym1FimpHLQ9FTHPd8zhdXxnjqU8tGWzZp

查看mint的信息，此时 supply 为0, 可以进行close

$ spl-token display CisqmfLH8R2JnSYSA8tgW8LSG5hQPogYZKxxHv6H5aMq

SPL Token Mint
  Address: CisqmfLH8R2JnSYSA8tgW8LSG5hQPogYZKxxHv6H5aMq
  Program: TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb
  Supply: 0
  Decimals: 9
  Mint authority: 7DxeAgFoxk9Ha3sdciWE4G4hsR9CUjPxsHAxTmuCJrop
  Freeze authority: (not set)
Extensions
  Close authority: 7DxeAgFoxk9Ha3sdciWE4G4hsR9CUjPxsHAxTmuCJrop

进行close

$ spl-token close-mint CisqmfLH8R2JnSYSA8tgW8LSG5hQPogYZKxxHv6H5aMq

Signature: 2h9bLrRCcK1bSbavdtKHrHLV2FVJVtEQiCUXBDKZXwZwnGFSZMhiYLDpRCJ7pxgb4KKxc75zUbCgeo9SeM7sjheH

创建ATA权限不可转移的token 2022

创建 token, token 2022 的ATA默认都是不可转移的，因此不需要制定额外参数

注意: spl-token 默认使用的 Token Program的program id, 如需使用Token 2022,则需要制定program id

TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb 是 Token 2022的program id

TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA 是 Token Program的program id

$ spl-token create-token --program-id TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb
Creating token HcGkiji8KimiZPTBf3SFCapAoR9NP63LdZtpv3719wdw under program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb

Address:  HcGkiji8KimiZPTBf3SFCapAoR9NP63LdZtpv3719wdw
Decimals:  9

Signature: 411LLtiDPB6Xgpq4kqsqp4K3atJCsTuWAHnAYaV6YaaMPDCYVTkRi6PWra7ixxMtWTbwyGeBxiZmfBfLjfeyZ6Q5

创建 ATA 账户

$ spl-token create-account --program-id TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb  HcGkiji8KimiZPTBf3SFCapAoR9NP63LdZtpv3719wdw
Creating account GfuBt164MUSThb3ZnhLfra8bbHzzrCvruXs5p7rC23LW

Signature: 3eRBFR52dhVBtad7sZs9s2i2h9Lw6W9TGvDdRQJ9DAiuEZPYoaHPEnqfCuoGzX6mDfTcPiP4wW7bdLzSQHtEzZLT

mint token

$ spl-token mint --program-id TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb HcGkiji8KimiZPTBf3SFCapAoR9NP63LdZtpv3719wdw 10000000 GfuBt164MUSThb3ZnhLfra8bbHzzrCvruXs5p7rC23LW
Minting 10000000 tokens
  Token: HcGkiji8KimiZPTBf3SFCapAoR9NP63LdZtpv3719wdw
  Recipient: GfuBt164MUSThb3ZnhLfra8bbHzzrCvruXs5p7rC23LW

Signature: 2ffKaX7XsK71GbpehqCgqsx9qVdGXSA28umQQ7guXN7Pv9ZzviRpCNyRuoPmFGwAtHANGzTs8TkWDMXJUT4m6vhP

查看余额

1
2
3

$ spl-token balance HcGkiji8KimiZPTBf3SFCapAoR9NP63LdZtpv3719wdw
10000000

查看ATA账户信息, 可以看到 Immutable owner

$ spl-token display GfuBt164MUSThb3ZnhLfra8bbHzzrCvruXs5p7rC23LW

SPL Token Account
  Address: GfuBt164MUSThb3ZnhLfra8bbHzzrCvruXs5p7rC23LW
  Program: TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb
  Balance: 10000000
  Decimals: 9
  Mint: HcGkiji8KimiZPTBf3SFCapAoR9NP63LdZtpv3719wdw
  Owner: 7DxeAgFoxk9Ha3sdciWE4G4hsR9CUjPxsHAxTmuCJrop
  State: Initialized
  Delegation: (not set)
  Close authority: (not set)
Extensions:
  Immutable owner

创建灵魂绑定代币

创建 token,

--decimals 0
--enable-metadata
--enable-non-transferable

$ spl-token create-token --program-id TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb --decimals 0 --enable-metadata --enable-non-transferable
Creating token 7R6uaZgMZgmfBRLJXXYHPRV8oysDokv8FHrZ7Td1xo5K under program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb
To initialize metadata inside the mint, please run `spl-token initialize-metadata 7R6uaZgMZgmfBRLJXXYHPRV8oysDokv8FHrZ7Td1xo5K <YOUR_TOKEN_NAME> <YOUR_TOKEN_SYMBOL> <YOUR_TOKEN_URI>`, and sign with the mint authority.

Address:  7R6uaZgMZgmfBRLJXXYHPRV8oysDokv8FHrZ7Td1xo5K
Decimals:  0

Signature: 4z1gNiFfLAkoe9RQD84N3vHh88ZNegZs2zL81ve1uKG8ijT6VGK4yuTYwjmLLCLgAXxRvCSUoMChneQZRCZXR7Wz

初始化metadata

$ spl-token initialize-metadata 7R6uaZgMZgmfBRLJXXYHPRV8oysDokv8FHrZ7Td1xo5K YQQTOKEN YT https://arweave.net/7q03FecPFE5JBPDakJFDS7xvdKqw5NSlNPUFZOYVVlk

Signature: 3zxSfkAg32KavFJ3UNXAMs4KyogZwRNDjDWmD1z8PmmHLHsDaYinwpQwrsC7EnqFNSSTc5e6ohMaUvAT7N5UowbZ

查看token信息

$ spl-token display 7R6uaZgMZgmfBRLJXXYHPRV8oysDokv8FHrZ7Td1xo5K

SPL Token Mint
  Address: 7R6uaZgMZgmfBRLJXXYHPRV8oysDokv8FHrZ7Td1xo5K
  Program: TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb
  Supply: 0
  Decimals: 0
  Mint authority: 7DxeAgFoxk9Ha3sdciWE4G4hsR9CUjPxsHAxTmuCJrop
  Freeze authority: (not set)
Extensions
  Non-transferable
  Metadata Pointer:
    Authority: 7DxeAgFoxk9Ha3sdciWE4G4hsR9CUjPxsHAxTmuCJrop
    Metadata address: 7R6uaZgMZgmfBRLJXXYHPRV8oysDokv8FHrZ7Td1xo5K
  Metadata:
    Update Authority: 7DxeAgFoxk9Ha3sdciWE4G4hsR9CUjPxsHAxTmuCJrop
    Mint: 7R6uaZgMZgmfBRLJXXYHPRV8oysDokv8FHrZ7Td1xo5K
    Name: YQQTOKEN
    Symbol: YT
    URI: https://arweave.net/7q03FecPFE5JBPDakJFDS7xvdKqw5NSlNPUFZOYVVlk

更新metadata

$ spl-token update-metadata 7R6uaZgMZgmfBRLJXXYHPRV8oysDokv8FHrZ7Td1xo5K name YQQNFT

Signature: 2xRQhsQiyrG8FVe3JHSFsDYz4gy1RPD16ECZWBpfdCwRpCgnTUzEhDJJ9QNRmR4Qnga2xTua2jrYhy6PFizigun3

创建 ATA

$ spl-token create-account --program-id TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb 7R6uaZgMZgmfBRLJXXYHPRV8oysDokv8FHrZ7Td1xo5K
Creating account 64Sxa26sViFh9JKFM6tm7dEib3hLTxbRXvARjjLTCmeG

Signature: 3HvNKDiPa6QcihbgUB4pVsojtmq7khwqCDdTb1iwfwdbuexe3s3PNCipEL8MMQMCwFYEGFNnmdfohXJ6weUCZ4tw

mint token

$ spl-token mint --program-id TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb 7R6uaZgMZgmfBRLJXXYHPRV8oysDokv8FHrZ7Td1xo5K 1 64Sxa26sViFh9JKFM6tm7dEib3hLTxbRXvARjjLTCmeG
Minting 1 tokens
  Token: 7R6uaZgMZgmfBRLJXXYHPRV8oysDokv8FHrZ7Td1xo5K
  Recipient: 64Sxa26sViFh9JKFM6tm7dEib3hLTxbRXvARjjLTCmeG

Signature: FijHaPESJUG4PgMWjxFcPwvH7GkvL1feQeg8KKHRsS2WmfDEWkutWniEFMyDNg76acU6bUeaQ97ywtWWW1Y8SbF

尝试转移 Token, 报错Transfer is disabled for this mint


$ spl-token transfer --program-id TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb 7R6uaZgMZgmfBRLJXXYHPRV8oysDokv8FHrZ7Td1xo5K 1 38jEaxphBTa3NEg4K6nG8Zgs6eVsSsr9AoSZCfax2pH8 --fund-recipient
Transfer 1 tokens
  Sender: 64Sxa26sViFh9JKFM6tm7dEib3hLTxbRXvARjjLTCmeG
  Recipient: 38jEaxphBTa3NEg4K6nG8Zgs6eVsSsr9AoSZCfax2pH8
  Recipient associated token account: 3XX7DysVrERAeTYFczEoKtwxqH6QqxWfUBcUBaZy1GZ4
  Funding recipient: 3XX7DysVrERAeTYFczEoKtwxqH6QqxWfUBcUBaZy1GZ4
Error: Client(Error { request: Some(SendTransaction), kind: RpcError(RpcResponseError { code: -32002, message: "Transaction simulation failed: Error processing Instruction 1: custom program error: 0x25", data: SendTransactionPreflightFailure(RpcSimulateTransactionResult { err: Some(InstructionError(1, Custom(37))), logs: Some(["Program ATokenGPvbdGVxr1b2hvZbsiqW5xWH25efTNsLJA8knL invoke [1]", "Program log: CreateIdempotent", "Program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb invoke [2]", "Program log: Instruction: GetAccountDataSize", "Program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb consumed 3064 of 22071 compute units", "Program return: TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb rgAAAAAAAAA=", "Program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb success", "Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [2]", "Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 success", "Program log: Initialize the associated token account", "Program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb invoke [2]", "Program log: Instruction: InitializeImmutableOwner", "Program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb consumed 1924 of 14077 compute units", "Program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb success", "Program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb invoke [2]", "Program log: Instruction: InitializeAccount3", "Program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb consumed 5815 of 9763 compute units", "Program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb success", "Program ATokenGPvbdGVxr1b2hvZbsiqW5xWH25efTNsLJA8knL consumed 29823 of 33467 compute units", "Program ATokenGPvbdGVxr1b2hvZbsiqW5xWH25efTNsLJA8knL success", "Program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb invoke [1]", "Program log: Instruction: TransferChecked", "Program log: Transfer is disabled for this mint", "Program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb consumed 3644 of 3644 compute units", "Program TokenzQdBNbLqP5VEhdkAS6EPFLC1PHnBqCXEpPxuEb failed: custom program error: 0x25"]), accounts: None, units_consumed: Some(33467), return_data: None, inner_instructions: None }) }) })

在客户端中使用 Token 2022

https://www.soldev.app/course/token-extensions-in-the-client

spl-token默认使用 Token Program, 除非明确指定使用Token Programs Extension
- Token Program: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID
- Token 2022: TOKEN_2022_PROGRAM_ID

示例代码

const mint = await createMint(
    connection,
    payer,
    payer.publicKey,
    payer.publicKey,
    decimals,
    undefined,
    { commitment: connection.commitment },
    tokenProgramId  // 指定 Program Id 即可
);

在Anchor使用 Token2022

在Anchor中使用 interface 类型来将 Token Program 和 Token 2022 融合到一起

use {
    anchor_lang::prelude::*,
    anchor_spl::{token_interface},
};

#[derive(Accounts)]
pub struct Example<'info>{
    // Token account
    #[account(
        token::token_program = token_program
    )]
    pub token_account: InterfaceAccount<'info, token_interface::TokenAccount>,
    // Mint account
    #[account(
        mut,
        mint::token_program = token_program
    )]
    pub mint_account: InterfaceAccount<'info, token_interface::Mint>,
    pub token_program: Interface<'info, token_interface::TokenInterface>,
}

Interface: 是 Program 的wrapper支持多种Program
TokenInterface: 支持 Token Program 和 Token 2022, 且仅支持这2种，如果传入其他的程序id会报错

InterfaceAccount: 和 Interface 类似，也是一个wrapper, 用于 AccountInfo. InterfaceAccount

使用命令行spl-token使用 Token 2022

创建 close authority token

创建ATA权限不可转移的token 2022

创建 灵魂绑定代币

在客户端中使用 Token 2022

在Anchor使用 Token2022

使用命令行`spl-token`使用 Token 2022

创建灵魂绑定代币